Major General Winfield S. Hancock in Millwood, Virginia. The Yankee's pistol snapped [misfired] but Chapman's did its deadly work. Turmoil in Richmond: Joe Johnston, Jefferson Davis Command Alliance Was Doomed From the Start. . More impressive, roughly 2,000 men would ride in some capacity with Mosby at one time or another during the war. A few rangers carried other weapons, but Mosby favored pistols, especially 1860 Colt Army revolvers, because they provided close-combat firepower without being cumbersome. Stuarts cavalry has possession of the Court House; be quick and dress.. Many farms in Northern Virginia had their own private, primitive distilleries. The makeup of Mosbys Rangers was no different. The letters had been fromcorrespondence his grandmother hadconducted with those luminaries. On April 20th, in Millwood, Virginia, about seven miles south of Berryville, a Federal delegation under Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock tried to get Mosby and around twenty rangers to surrender at the Clarke House & Tavern. Within a few years, Hoskins left the Army. JOSHUA WARFIELD RIGGS,Private, Company D. Served in the 1st Virginia Cavalry andthe 1st Maryland Cavalry prior to joiningMosby. After the war he practicedlaw and was a judge on the SupremeBench of Baltimore for 22 years. With a special aptitude for finding forage for the horses in Mosbys command, Hibbs became the Rangers informal quartermaster. He was also known as chief of the corn detail. It was not an exciting duty nor a particularly prestigious title, but he ensured that the mounts in the command, so essential to its mobility and success, were well fed and healthy. You can also visit theStuart-Mosby Civil War Cavalry Museumin Centreville, Virginia. According to James J. Williamsons Mosbys Rangers: A Record of the Operations of the Forty-third Battalion of Virginia Cavalry, From Its Organization to the Surrender: We then pushed on up the river to reach the ford at Nolands Ferry [sic] before another detachment of Yankees, who were coming down the river, should get there. It also had at least three foreigners within its ranks. Inc. The Army of the Shenandoah returned to the Harpers Ferry area, with Mosbys Rangers harassing it along the way. The publication of Virgil Carrington Jones' bookRanger Mosbyin 1944 led to renewed interest in the dashing cavalryman; in the 1950s came the television showThe Gray Ghost, which aired in syndication from 1957-1958. Small, harassing raids continued in the Valley until October 14th when Mosby and approximately eighty rangers conducted the Greenback Raid near Duffields Station, about seven miles west of Harpers Ferry. consistently elude pursuit, the Rangers disrupted Union communications and Unique Boating Apparel and Accessories. Trenary, B.
After the disastrous Union defeat at Fredericksburg in December 1862, Stuart and Mosby led several raids behind enemy lines in Prince William, Fairfax and Loudoun counties, to disrupt the Union communications, harass the enemy and gather supplies for their own forces. Mosby greatly respected Lee but had no desire to surrender. In this vivid account of the famous command of John Singleton Mosby, Jeffry D. Wert explores the personality of this iron-willed commander and brilliant tactician and . Promoted to 1st lieutenant on April2, 1862, and served as adjutant of the1st Virginia Cavalry. Death had no terror for him. Subscribe to receive our weekly newsletter with top stories from master historians. As Massow passed Reed, the Union captain shot him in the back and out of the saddle. He later scouted for Stuart during the Second Manassas, Antietam, and Fredericksburg campaigns. Hoskins died on June 2, 1863, and was buried in the Greenwich Presbyterian Churchs cemetery. He wasknown to every man in the Command and to everybody in that country, as a fighter.. At the same time Yankee soldiers splashed across Jacob's Ford, the Gray Ghost gathered 125 troopers in Rectortown. Date Released Brigadier General Thomas Rosser (with the support of Generals Jubal Early and Fitz Lee) urged disbanding Mosby's command in a letter addressed to General Robert E. Lee. ALEXANDERGIBSON CAREY,Private, Company E. Brother of Ranger James Carey. Once the immediate danger posed by the Union response had decreased slightly, Mosby stopped his men near Grapewood Farm (near todays Vint Hill Farms area in Warrenton). The Union viewed them as unsoldierly: a loose band of roving thieves. Ranger Ben Palmer once saw Massow starting a raid with his trusted saber by his side and asked him in complete seriousness, Do you want to be killed? To which Massow replied, A good soldier is always prepared to die!. In retaliation for the wagon train raid, Sheridans cavalry burned barns, crops, and mills. Mosby's Rangers Are Born: Mosby created his force under the auspices of the Partisan Ranger Act of 1862 which sought to recruit irregulars for service into the Confederate States Army during the . But he often related the circumstance after the war. The men then dismounted and went to work again. I was very mad with Cab for almost creating a stampede and told him that I had a good mind to have him shot. Although most of the Federals had passed, the wagon train of the Union Cavalry Corps was vulnerable. William Henry Chapman surpassed his older brothers wartime career. He was fond of alcoholic spirits and knew that stockpiles of corn and grains probably indicated a still was nearby. RecPak is a meal replacement for the outdoors that saves you weight, space and time in the most challenging environments, just add water. With a force of nearly 40,000 troops and a wagon train about twelve miles long, Sheridans army was both imposing and vulnerable. In a 1907 letter he wrote: I am not ashamed of having fought on the side of slaverya soldier fights for his countryright or wronghe is not responsible for the political merits of the course he fights in and he added,The South was my country.. Attended the Universityof Virginia prior to the war. You must become a subscriber or login to view or post comments on this article. Soldiers: I have summoned you together for the last time. . The rangers fired two cannon rounds, then charged into the unsuspecting Federal troops. Ritter, Harrison
He took part in Stuarts famous ride around McClellans army but was captured on July 20, while waiting for a train at Beaverdam Depot. Released on June 15, 1865. With orders from Gen. Ulysses S. Grant to conduct total war to wipe out Confederate resistance in the Valley and burn crops and farms, Sheridan launched an offensive on August 9th. Jubal Early and his Confederate Army of the Valley had been soundly beaten at Cedar Creek on 19 October; no more reinforcements from General Robert E. Lee were coming. One day in Richmond wounded and eliciting the sympathy of every one capable of appreciating the daring deeds of the boldest and most successful partisan leader the war has producedthree days afterwards surprising and scattering a Yankee force at Salem as if they were frightened sheep fleeing before a hungry wolfand then before the great mass of the people are made aware of the particulars of this dashing achievement, he has swooped around and cut the Baltimore and Ohio roadthe great artery of communication between East and West, capturing a mail train and contents, and constituting himself, by virtue of the strength of his own right arm, and the keen blade it wields, a receiver of army funds for the United States. An adolescent boy released from school for the day in Upperville just as Mosby's men were chasing Union troopers out of town "became so excited that he mounted a pony and joined in the chase with no weapon except his textbook. HistoryNet.com is brought to you by HistoryNet LLC, the worlds largest publisher of history magazines. He died September 9, 1917. Hibbs had another moniker of which he was exceedingly proud. The 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry primarily comprised Virginians and a contingent of Marylanders. After his first fight with the Rangers, Massow was upset, according to a fellow Ranger, that he had not been woundedhe apparently hoped to return to Prussia with a wartime memento. About four miles into the Valley west of Ashbys Gap, Russells men attacked approximately 100 riders of the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry. We had no reason to use a blue uniform as a disguise, for there was no occasion to do so. 11. Mosby twice offered his services to Early with little response. "[20] All men had at least two; Mosby himself as many as six, since a few miles at a flat-out run would exhaust even the best horseand Mosby's men were constantly either running toward or away from the federals. The young rangers certainly enjoyed these spoils of war, but calls for recrimination and Mosbys head grew louder in the North. Present on June - Dec. 1863 muster roll. The tried using carbines captured from Union cavalry but found them too unwieldy for their type of operations. He decided if the enemy insisted on pushing the Rangers, they would pay dearly for their aggressiveness. Come along, Major! The Yankees at once transferred their shower baths from Cab to the Major, who showed his appreciation of the formers self-sacrifice by spluttering out to him that he was respectful all at once.. During the Civil War Mosby's Rangers were an irregular body of Confederate troops under the command of Col. John S. Mosby. Compton, Z.T. The Partisan Ranger Act resulted in many Southerners believing that any of form of guerrilla warfare was now being approved. On February 22, 1864, during a fight at Ankers Shop (Second Dranesville) in present-day Sterling, Va., Massow got that wish, though not in a manner he could celebrate. According to Chapmans obituary in the Greensboro (N.C.) Daily, published September 7, 1929: General [Winfield Scott] Hancock, to whom Colonel Chapman surrendered his command, was so impressed by the spirit of the young Confederate that he wrote in his report that in healing the wounds of war and reuniting the country This young man will be valuable to the government. The prophecy was fulfilled in a life of devotion to the interests of the south without bitterness toward his former foes. The total tally for the 43rd Battalion by October 1864 was 1,600 horses and mules, 230 beef cattle, 85 wagons and ambulances, and 1,200 captured, killed or wounded, including Union Brig. The roster of the 43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion, better known as Mosby's Rangers, eventually over the course of the last two years of the war contained over 1900 men, although at no time were there more than a fraction available for action. One of the best-known cavalrymen of the Civil War was John Singleton Mosby. Mosby placed a mountain howitzer he had taken with him on the raid at the top of a small rise on a road up which the Union cavalry would have to attack. William also fell in love with a young lady, Josephine Jeffries, living in Mosbys Confederacy. As the Mosby tactics became better known, scouting parties from the Northern army began to develop an affection for the pistol, with increasing success I might add. . The 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry, also [5] Mosby's command operated mainly within the distance a horse could travel in a day's hard riding, approximately 25 miles (40km) in any direction from Middleburg, Virginia. The battalion was formed in June, 1863, with five companies, later increased to eight. But as I recalled how cruelly I had spurred him to the chase the evening before, how without a groan of protest he responded the best he could, and how patiently he had stood with me, all unconscious of his suffering, on that lonely, miserable watch, I was not ashamed to throw my arms around his neck and weep out of my grief and contrition. The only difference is in the danger Mosby felt that "a small force moving with celerity and threatening many points on a line can neutralize a hundred times its own number. Mosby supported Grant, his former foe, in the presidential election and was his campaign manager in the state of Virginia. The 43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion, also known as Mosby's Rangers, Mosby's Raiders, or Mosby's Men, was a battalion of partisan cavalry in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War.Noted for their lightning strike raids on Union targets and their ability to consistently elude pursuit, the Rangers disrupted Union communications and supply lines. Stuart, loaned him the services of nine cavalrymen. I immediately gave orders to mount quickly and form, and one was sent to find out if the report was true. Rectortown, Virginia, when John S. Mosby formed Company A of the battalion. [24], Virginian newspapers were eager to carry articles about Mosby's Rangers. Each man had at least two horses and many men had several. Revolvers in the hands of Mosby's men were as effective in surprise engagements as a whole line of light ordnance in the hands of the enemy. By the time Mosby chose to disband rather than surrender the 43rd on April 21, 1865, nearly 800 men had been part of this elite unit. partisan cavalry in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. An interview with historian Richard M. McMurry on his 2023 book, The Civil Wars of General Joseph E. Johnston, Confederate States Army., History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. Anything they brought back, they would give to the quartermaster, a military officer who was in charge of providing food, clothing, and other necessities, and in return, they would get paid. The method of operation involved executing small raids with up to 150 men (but usually 20 to 80) behind Union lines by entering the objective area undetected, quickly executing their mission, and then rapidly withdrawing, dispersing the troops among local Southern sympathizers, and melting into the countryside. Leach, Thornton V.
Printed by H. E. Howard. 6-10-63 in the 43rd Va. Cav. He was a member of the RoyalArcanum. Mosby often played up his exploits to gain attention in the press for his unit and to emphasize the fact that the 43rd Battalion was a legitimate military command within the command structure of the Confederate States of America's army. When it did, rangers entered the cars, killed a Federal officer, and confiscated personal valuables from the passengers. Born in 1833 in Bishops Taskbrook, Warwickshire, Hoskins joined the British Armys 44th Foot as a lieutenant and in 1854 served in the Crimean War, where he took part in some of the fiercest fighting. This wool jacket and slouch hat both belonged to Mosby, who was wearing the hat when he was wounded by federal cavalry in December 1864. Late in the month, with Stuarts blessing, Mosby gathered experienced horsemen from the Middleburg, VA area to form Mosbys Rangers. On August 7th, 1864, Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan took command of the United States Army of the Shenandoah. If attacked themselves, the guerrillas would sometimes ride away a brief distance and then round on their attackers and charge back into them, panicking and scattering them in the melee. Never wounded during the war, Chapman ironically received his first-ever gunshot at the hands of a tax-evading moonshiner. Hoskins threatened him with his saber and said, Surrender, you damn Yankee. The Union soldier replied, The hell I will, and shot Hoskins in the neck and back. Began Partisan Ranger career inJanuary 1863 with nine men loaned tohim by Stuart. CLAIBORNE ROBINSON,Private, Company D. Lived in Baltimore after the war. Sam provided Mosby with an indelible memory that the Gray Ghost shared in his Mosbys War Reminiscences and Stuarts Cavalry Campaigns: There was with me that day a young artillery officerSamuel F. Chapmanwho at the first call of his State to arms had quit the study of divinity and become, like Stonewall Jackson, a sort of military Calvin, singing the psalms of David as he marched into battle. Finally it was not safe to send despatches by a courier unless a regiment was sent along to guard him.[26]. By 1890, he had the supreme command of the Prussian cavalry. awoke [and] saw my horse standing at my feet with his head bending over me. Silman, James L.
It took a personal letter to now President Grant to stop the practice. This sort of shooting left the enemy with a good many empty saddles after an engagement. This was not a custom, however; someone generally ran to cover after the revolvers were emptied. Gen. J.E.B. "The rangers had some of the best horses in a region known for raising great horses. Servedin the Fauquier (Va.) Artillery beforetransferring to Mosbys Rangers. Although the war in the Valley was almost over, the soldiers did not know it. Although guerrillas, or partisan rangers, Mosbys men were subject to the Articles of War and Army Regulations within General Lees Army of Northern Virginia. In that clash, Mosby and about 150 men ambushed and then attacked a 300-man detachment of the 2nd Massachusetts and 16th New York Cavalry regiments. I had no faith in the saber as a weapon. It was no fault of the Union cavalry that they did not get through faster than they did, but Sam seemed to think that it was. Born in 1817, he was 2030 years older than the vast majority of the unit. Mosby usually conducted his operations with as few as twenty or as many as one or two hundred, but he . "[14] Union cavalry initially armed with the traditional sabre fought at a considerable disadvantage: The Federal cavalry generally fought with sabres; at any rate they carried them, and Mosby used to say they were as useless against a skillfully handled revolver as the wooden swords of harlequins. When Lee surrendered in 1865, Mosby and his men were leery of surrendering, fearing that the Union would hang them as spies. Paid $630 between 7-1-63 and 2-1-64. The leader of this little band was Private John S. Mosby. Captured on January 4, 1865, and sentto Fort Warren in Boston Harbor, fromwhich he was released on June 13,1865. The remaining Rangers fled, leaving Hoskins lying on the field in a pool of his own blood. Federal Lieutenant Eugene Ferris, 30th Massachusetts Infantry, refused to surrender and escaped by wounding four of the rangers. All soldiers in World War I had one thing in common: possible execution by their own country for alleged cowardice. Only three men in the Confederate army knew what I was doing or intended to do; they were Lee and Stuart and myself. It was no uncommon thing for one of our men to gallop by a tree at full tilt, and put three bullets in its trunk in succession. When Mosby became aware of the location of a still, he had it destroyed. As the Gray Ghost related in The Memoirs of Colonel John S. Mosby: While we were helping the passengers to climb the steep bank, one of my men, Cab Maddux, who had been sent off as a vidette to watch the road, came dashing up and cried out that the Yankees were coming. Of his purpose in raiding behind the Union lines, Mosby said: My purpose was to weaken the armies invading Virginia, by harassing their rear to destroy supply trains, to break up the means of conveying intelligence, and thus isolating an army from its base, as well as its different corps from each other, to confuse their plans by capturing their dispatches, are the objects of partisan war. for the war and elected 2nd Lt., Co. A by John S. Mosby at Rector's X-Roads, Fauquier Co. Inv. On November 26, 1863, the Army of the Potomac departed Culpeper County to initiate the Mine Run Campaign. He was a brave soldier, and had made many friends while with the command, fellow Ranger James J. Williamson declared in tribute. Munson said in his memoirs: "Something gray" was the one requisite of our dress and the cost of it mattered little. The field officers were Colonel John S. Mosby, Lieutenant Colonel William H. Chapman, and Major A.E . Stuart. But Mosby fought on. . After Federal victories at Third Winchester and Fishers Hill, rangers again entered the Valley seeking ways to disrupt Sheridans lines of communication. This quickly became the norm for Mosbys men when the captured Union soldiers. I disband your organization in preference to surrendering it to our enemies. By early September, Sheridan launched a new offensive, this time with improved security. With James MacArthur, Nick Adams, Jack Ging, Kurt Russell. Died July 8, 1869. Ignoring Earlys indifference, Mosby decided to stretch his resources to defend the Valley anyway, to vex and embarrass Sheridan andto prevent his advance into the interior of the state. Mosby was acting on his own; his best friend and mentor, Jeb Stuart, had been killed in action on May 12th, 1864. Sort By: I must confess that his character as a soldier was more on the model of the Hebrew prophets than the Evangelist or the Baptist in whom he was so devout a believer. After the war, Sam was the chaplain of the African-American 4th Immune Regiment in Cuba during the Spanish-American War, became the superintendent of public schools in Virginias Allegheny County, and served as the deputy U.S. marshal for the Western District of Virginia in 1909. The youngsters size made him a good target for the enemy, which is how the tales of Cab Maddux and Major Hibbs intersected along the banks of the Potomac River on July 30, 1864. cf. [Photographed between 1861 and 1865, printed between 1880 and 1889] Photograph. Not only him but his wife and family as well. The indomitable and irrepressible Mosby is again in the saddle carrying destruction and consternation in his path. His well-varnished account of it was that I ordered him to be shot at sunrise, that he said he hoped it would be a foggy morning, and that I was so much amused by his reply that I relented and pardoned him. As the unit grew and gained notoriety, it eventually became Company A, 43rd Battalion of Virginia Cavalry, or Mosbys Rangers, in June 1863. He died January 10, 1898. The passengers were robbed but left unharmed, ushered away from their seats beside the damaged train, as the remainder of the assaulters set fire to the train cars. Mosby had agreed to a truce two days before, but not surrender. Without discipline, order or organization, they roam . Reed was then killed by another Ranger, William Chapman. A cursory review of unit rosters from both sides during the war reveals many family connections. One, John Atkins, crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Ireland to join Mosby. One survivor lived to tell the gory tale. Robinson, Vincent
This organization began with a scouting assignment from Confederate Gen. J. E. B. Stuart in January 1863. On the other hand, Mosby's guerrilla operations were not highly regarded even within the Confederate Army. Civil War Links and Information] [Rosters of men who served Virginia from the lower Shenandoah Valley] ROSTER OF MOSBY'S 43rd BATTALION CAVALRY-- During the ensuing melee, Massow was riding down on the Union commander, Captain James Sewell Reed, with his saber poised for a lethal strike. Mosby later wrote that Stuart, made me all that I was in the warthe best friend I ever had.. Mosbys Rangers operated out of Middleburg, Virginia. Mosby-related sites abound in Virginia. As you succeed in your operations, your notoriety grows and the Union devotes additional troops to stopping you. The rangers seized over 200 Federal soldiers, 500 horses and mules, 200 cattle, and about 100 wagons. was acting under the authority of General Robert E. Lee, who had granted him The sad task of leading the remainder of the command to Winchester, Va., to seek wartime paroles fell to Mosbys No. "[29], The military effectiveness of Mosby's command, Engraving reproduced from frontispiece, Major John Scott, Partisan Life with Col. John S. Mosby, 1867. Riding with Stuart and about 1,200 Confederate horsemen, Mosby scouted ahead and along the columns flanks in the infamous four-day circuit around the entire United States Army of the Potomac. He was a rather dour and taciturn individual, but Jeffries, whom he married on February 25, 1864, evidently coaxed a softer persona out of him. Mosby was seriously wounded in December, but there were still small skirmishes during the winter and spring. After the action he rode his horse some distance toward Fairfax, slid exhausted out of the saddle and fell asleep in a field, and on the following morning: . On November 18th, near Kabletown, West Virginia, about eight miles north of Berryville, Richards and his rangers trapped Blazers troopers, charged, and killed, captured, and scattered the Federals. Served in the U.S.Department of Interior and Departmentof Justice. Live a Nautical Lifestyle. Triplett, T.D. . He was held as a prisoner in Washington D.C., but he was released in just 10 days as part of a large prisoner exchange program. Yesterday a friend paid this tribute: A man of exemplary character and spotless integrity, Colonel Chapman lived a life of simple and natural religion. Stuart, Massow joined Mosby. The first purpose was to take control over guerrilla warfare and decide who would and would not be able to use it. Before he got to the gate Sam had already exhausted every barrel of his two pistols and drawn his sabre. . Conrad, Charles
Served as bailiff at the CourtHouse in Baltimore for more than 20years. It's been 150 years since Mosby formed the 43rd Battalion Virginia Cavalry, more popularly known as "Mosby's Rangers," but there are still many ways to explore Mosby's story. P.O. https://www.historynet.com/mosbys-rangers-legends-on-horseback/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot. These groups included Mosby's Rangers and McNeil's Rangers, a partisan ranger group fighting in the area of the South Branch Valley, in what is now West Virginia.11. Postwar, he was treasurer ofthe Washington Monument Society anda member of the Columbia HistoricalSociety. He laid in state at the Fauquier County Courthouse in Warrenton, Virginia, and was buried in Warrenton Cemetery. [11], Munson's denial of the use of Union blue is contradicted by another source however. The raid began as a complete success and the Rangers were having a bit of a frolic as they ransacked the train looking for loot. Here are the stories of some of the most memorable of that lot. The unit served behind Federal lines in Northern Virginia and was the most effective command of its kind. He fired six shots and emptied five saddles."[17]. For the most part, Mosby and his forces operated out of an area that a horse could travel in a days hard riding, about 25 miles (40 km) in any direction from Middleburg. HIBBS. By the summer of 1864, Mosby and his men were disrupting the advance of the United States Army of the . but the first of many raids with Mosby's men."[9]. One particular set of brothersthe Chapmansstands out. Their area of operations in Northern Virginia ranged from the Shenandoah Valley to the west, along the Potomac River all the way to Alexandria in the east, bounded on the south by the Rappahannock River, with most of his operations centered in or near Fauquier and Loudoun counties. His breast and forelegs were covered with clotted blood which had flowed from an ugly bullet wound. Brutality between the rangers and Federals was about to end, but not quite. This time, Cab angered Mosby. HARRIS CHAMBERLAINBLANCHARD,Private, Artillery Company. He moved to Washington, D.C., where he continued to practice law and also worked as a diplomat. Praesidus brings homage to the military watch tradition. Great-grandson of John Henley, a signerof the Declaration of Independence. Wanting to create an impact event, Mosby and his men removed a rail and waited for the next westbound train to derail. Charging with a yell, then firing their Colt revolvers, Russell and the Rangers scattered most of the Federals. Eric Buckland retired from the U.S. Army as a lieutenant colonel after spending the majority of his 22-year career in Special Forces. [citation needed]. After February 1864, the Confederate Congress revoked the authority of all partisan units, except for two, one of which was the 43rd Battalion, the other being McNeill's Rangers. Younger Rangers called him Major, probably a combined result of youthful impertinence and an abiding respect for ones elders. Unaware of their objectivethe secretive . Mosby, who, it must be noted, was not given his famous sobriquet The Gray Ghost until well after the war, was an intelligent, tough, audacious, and innovative leader.
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